Articles:The Four-Component Instructional Design Model: Multimedia Principles in Environments for Complex Learning

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Contents

4C/ID-model

Image:4cid.png

Learning tasks

represented as circles

These are comprised of meaningful whole-task experiences that are based on real-life tasks, which asks the learners to use many if not all aspects of real-life task performance.

  • problem solving
  • reasoning
equivalent learning tasks

dotted rectangles around a set of learning tasks

  • belong to the same task class
  • equivalent to each other in the sense that they can be performed on the basis of the same body of knowledge
  • differ on the dimensions that also vary in the real world such as:
    1. the context in which the task is performed
    2. the way the task is presented
    3. the saliency of defining characteristics
    4. etc
  • each new task class is more difficult than the previous task classes

Supportive information

Scaffolding information that serves as a bridge between what learners already know and what may be helpful to know in order to fruitfully work on the learning tasks.

  • Students receive much support and guidance for their work on the first learning task in a class (indicated by the filling of the circles)
  • support fades

Types of support

product-oriented

embraced in the task description

  1. worked examples: provide maximum support
  2. completion tasks: provide medium support because they present a problem and a partial solution that must be completed by the learners
  3. conventional tasks: provide no support at all. Must be solved completely by the learner.
product-oriented

information that helps the learner through the problem-solving process.

  • process worksheets
  • guidelines

Procedural information

Prerequisite information that is necessary for learning and performing any routine aspects of learning tasks.

  • best organized as small packets of "just in time" information during student's work on the learning tasks.

Part-task practice

Additional exercises that may be necessary to create automaticity in the content, if it is required.

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